Achtung Panzer - Oosterbeek's guardian

Preserved at the Airborne Museum Hartenstein in Oosterbeek is a single M4A4 Sherman tank. 

Market Garden

The Airborne Museum Hartenstein tells the history of the Battle of Arnhem, part of operation Market Garden in 1944. Market was the airborne operation with British and US paratroopers capturing certain bridges all the way up to Arnhem. Garden was the ground offensive by XXX Corps that was tasked with relieving the paratroopers and create a corridor to invade Germany's Ruhr area, bypassing the Siegfried line. Whilst the bridges at Grave and Nijmegen were captured and secured the bridge at Arnhem could not be captured. Stiff German opposition prevented both the taking of the bridge by the paratroopers - the Battle of Arnhem - and XXX Corps reaching Arnhem in time to relieve the paratroopers. So while Shermans were deployed by XXX Corps no Shermans fought in the Battle of Arnhem. That would change in 1945 when Canadian armoured units using Shermans fought to liberate the Veluwe area.

Sherman V

This Sherman tank was built by Chrysler as an M4A4 model fitted with a 75mm cannon. Through Lend-Lease Shermans were delivered to British, Canadian and other Commonwealth forces. In British and Commonwealth service the M4A4 was known as the Sherman Mark V, Sherman V for short.

The Mark V differed from other Shermans in that is was a tid bit longer. Chrysler fitted all their M4A4 Shermans with their A57 multibank petrol engine and this engine needed more space than was available in a standard Sherman chassis. 

This also meant that the tracks were longer than usual for a Sherman, 83 'shoes' instead of 79. Attached to those shoes were extended end connectors, commonly known as duck bills. 

Markings

Let's take a look at the markings on this Sherman. This particular Sherman V is displayed in Canadian markings. These markings show that this tank was part of the Fifth Canadian Armoured Division.

This triangle shows that this tank was attached to A Squadron. The colour and number indicate that it served with the 4th Troop of the Reconnaissance unit of A Squadron.

This tank is named Argyle. That this name starts with an A is no coincidence, all tanks of A Squadron had names beginning with an A.

The number 51 indicates the Unit Serial, the red square indicates that this is an armoured unit.

The number 5964 is the manufacturer serial number or construction number. This unique number identifies this single tank. Its corresponding US Army serial number is 3057774. 

When a tank was shipped to the Canadians it would have received a War Department number, starting with a T. This the tank no longer carries. However in pre-2011 photos the WD number T-288627 is visible. Somewhere between 2008 and 2011 this tank received a new coat of paint. During this repainting the WD number seems to be forgotten. 

I can't tell how original these markings are. I wouldn't be surprised if Sherman 5964 came from Royal Dutch Army stocks and was painted up in Canadian markings to commemorate the Canadian contribution to liberating the Netherlands. And that is perfectly fine with me.

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Achtung Panzer - Ede's liberator

The city of Ede in the Netherlands was liberated on April 17th, 1945. To commemorate this fact, a Sherman tank was placed at the outskirts of Ede as a memorial in 1990.

Cougar, shot with a Canon EOS-1 fitted with a 24-105mm f/4L IS USM lens and loaded with Agfaphoto APX 400 black and white film.

The war diary of the OKW (Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht) [Armed forces high command, the supreme German military command and control staff during World War Two] reports on Monday, the 16th of April 1945: "Fortgang der kämpfe um die "Festung Holland"... an der Rheinfront noch Rühe" [progress on the battle of the "Citadel Holland"... quiet on the Rhine front]. In fact, that day the first Canadian tanks of the 1st Canadian Tank Brigade, part of the British 49th 'Polar Bear' Infantry Division roll towards Ede.

In the early evening of the 16th of April, 1945 the 147th Brigade of the 49th Infantry Division is tasked to liberate Ede. The brigade consists of three batallions: The 11th battalion 'The Royal Scots Fusiliers', the 1st battalion 'The Leicestershire Regiment' and the 7th battalion 'The duke of Wellington's Regiment'. The 147th Brigade is supported by the 1st Canadian Tank Brigade and A and C Squadrons, the 11th Regiment 'The Ontario Regiment' and A and C Squadrons of the 14th Regiment 'The Calgary Regiment' are tasked to support the drive towards Ede. Every Squadron consists of twenty Sherman tanks.

Canon EOS-1, 24-105mm f/4L IS USM, Agfa APX 400

Ede is but one of several targets in the Veluwe area and the task of capturing Ede itself is given to the Royal Scots Fusiliers and the supporting Squadrons from the Calgary Regiment. They leave Arnhem at 18:00 hours, C Squadron with their Sherman tanks in the lead. After a few skirmishes they stop at dusk, around 21:00 hours. The advance along the N224 highway to Ede will continue tomorrow.

Fuji GFX 100S II, 45-100mm f/4, Acros film simulation

The next day the war diary of the OKB reports on the British-Canadian actions: "Bei Arnheim erweiterte der gegner seinen Brückenkopf und gelangte über die Strasse nach Appeldoorn [sic]" [The enemy extended their bridgehead at Arnhem and reached Apeldoorn over the (N224) highway]. At 05:00 hours the advance towards Ede continues, again with C Squadron in the lead. At around 06:00 hours a small battle erupts at the Drieberg hill which overlooks the N224. This needs to be taken before the Royal Scots Fusiliers can advance further. After an artillery barrage Shermans from C Squadron roll up the hill and capture two German anti-tank cannons with their crews, members of the 34. SS-Freiwilligen-Grenadier-Division "Landstorm Nederland "[34th SS volunteer Grenadier Division "Landstorm Nederland"], Dutchmen fighting for Germany. After taking the hill the allies advance over the Ginkelse Heide towards the Simon Stevin barracks just outside of Ede. Here they join battle with the 34th SS Division. C Squadron comes into action again, dispatching four Sherman tanks. Two of these are regular Sherman V tanks armed with a 75mm gun, the other two are Sherman IB tanks equipped with a 105mm howitzer gun. In the fighting at and around the barracks the Sherman IB's are in their element. 

After this engagement the tanks advance to Ede. As part of the N224 is blocked the tanks advance via the Arnhemseweg before they reach the N224 again. Now this part of the force splits up, one part follows the Arnhemseweg towards the centre of Ede, the other part follows the N224 before turning towards the centre of town. The first allied Sherman tanks roll into Ede.

Fujifilm GFX 100S II, 45-100mm f/4

It is at this location that we meet our Sherman tank 81 years later. Named Cougar, she looks brand new. She was fully restored in Delft in 2022-2024 and relocated from her old location at the roundabout on the N224 to her current location close by. 

This Sherman tank is displayed in the markings of a tank from C Squadron, 14th Regiment 'The Calgary Regiment'. It represents the tank used by Captain Davies and his crew. Davies and his crew drove a regular Sherman V tank. This tank however is an M4(105) 105mm howitzer equipped version. This tank was built by Chrysler with construction number 57562 and US Army serial number 30104244. The tank was part of the tank fleet of the Royal Dutch Army after the war and was stored at Soesterberg before it was donated to Ede. 

Fujifilm GFX 100S II, 45-100mm f/4

From 1990 to 2022 it was marked as T212125 with the number 13 in a green circle on the turret. It was however discovered that these markings were incorrect and it was decided to change her markings to 31 in a blue circle. It kept serial number T212125 and the name Cougar. Why Cougar? All tanks of C Squadron had a name beginning with a C, hence the choice for Cougar.

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